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Core Study Guide

Oral Fluency & Phonetics

Articulating sounds clearly, mastering stress patterns, and speaking with confidence.

Speaking is an active, real-time communication skill. Improving spoken English requires not only vocabulary and grammar but also a clear understanding of phonology, intonation, and delivery.

From passing the IELTS speaking interview to presenting in a classroom or public seminar, learning word stress rules, phonetic alignments, and speech templates helps you sound natural, professional, and confident.

Key Takeaways

  • Phonetics is the study of speech sounds; the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) contains 44 sounds in English.
  • Word stress is the relative emphasis given to certain syllables in a word.
  • Intonation is the rise and fall of the voice in speaking, which alters meaning and attitude.

Core Concepts & Definitions

1Word Stress Rules

In English, we do not speak all syllables with the same force. Only one syllable in a word receives the primary stress.

Two-syllable nouns usually have stress on the first syllable (e.g. PRE-sent).

Two-syllable verbs usually have stress on the second syllable (e.g. pre-SENT).

Equations & Calculation Methods

Speech Delivery Pattern

Hook + Main Point + Example + Summary = Effective Speech

Start a spoken response with an interesting hook, state your main point clearly, back it up with a brief story/example, and conclude in a single sentence.