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CBSE Class 12 Biology

CBSE Class 12 Biology Curriculum

Chapter guides, learning outcomes, formula directories, quizzes, and full mock tests aligned with the latest CBSE board exam marking schemes.

Formulate DNA replication steps, explain transcription and translation, detail plant fertilization cycles, and explore biotechnology cloning techniques.
Lessons & Learning Outcomes
DNA Replication Mechanism60 min

CBSE Outcome: Outline roles of helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase enzymes.

Formulas & Equations
Chargaff's Rule: A + G = T + C (or Purines = Pyrimidines)
Suggested Practicals
Isolating genomic DNA from plant tissue samples (spinach leaves or onion)
Key Revision Points
  • DNA replication is semi-conservative, proven by Meselson and Stahl experiment.
  • Transcription moves in 5' to 3' direction.
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