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Formula Library

Science Formula Hub

Searchable scientific equation repository. Tweak variables inline, review step-by-step derivations, study worked examples, and take quick concept checks.

Physics

Newton's Second Law of Motion

States that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

F = m * a
Physics

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Calculates the attractive force of gravity between two masses separated by a center-to-center distance r.

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r²
Physics

Ohm's Law

Relates potential difference (Voltage), electrical current, and electrical resistance in an ideal conductor.

V = I * R
Physics

Kinetic Energy

The energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

KE = 0.5 * m * v²
Chemistry

Molarity (Molar Concentration)

Specifies the concentration of a chemical solute in a solution as moles of solute per liter of total solution volume.

M = n / V
Chemistry

Ideal Gas Law

The equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It relates pressure, volume, gas quantity, and absolute temperature.

P * V = n * R * T
Chemistry

pH Calculation

Measures the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution by calculating the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.

pH = -log10[H⁺]
Chemistry

Dilution Equation

Relates concentration and volume before and after diluting a stock solution, maintaining conservation of solute moles.

M1 * V1 = M2 * V2
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