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Atomic Profile
Phosphorus (P)
Discover properties, shell configurations, industrial applications, compounds, and historical occurrences of the Phosphorus element.
15P30.974
Physical Properties
Melting Point44.15 °C (White Phosphorus)
Boiling Point280.5 °C
Density1.823 g/cm³ (White Phosphorus)
Electronegativity2.19
Group / PeriodGroup 15, Period 3
Electronic Config[Ne] 3s² 3p³
Bohr Shells2, 8, 5
Bohr Electron Model
Visualizing the concentric Bohr orbits and energy level shells for Phosphorus.
+15
Shell 1: 2e⁻ | Shell 2: 8e⁻ | Shell 3: 5e⁻
Origin & Abundance
Discovery Details
Discovered by Hennig Brand in the year 1669.
Natural Occurrence
Never found as a free element. Highly concentrated in phosphate minerals and phosphate rock.
Common Uses & Applications
- Safety match striking surfaces
- Phosphate agricultural fertilizers
- Detergent formulations
- Steel metallurgy processing
Common Chemical Compounds
Below are typical molecular compounds formed by Phosphorus interacting with other elements:
H₃PO₄ (Phosphoric Acid)P₂O₅ (Phosphorus Pentoxide)Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (Calcium Phosphate)
Element Concept Check
Which allotrope of Phosphorus is highly unstable, toxic, and glows in the dark?
Video Lectures & Fact Files
Watch educational lectures detailing the chemical extraction and molecular spectrums of Phosphorus.
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